January 2009 Archives

Annual List of Annoying Words

| No Comments | No TrackBacks

 

Lake Superior State University recently released its annual list of words/phrases that should be banned from the English language. (Apparently they have been doing this list for 34 years but this is the first time I've seen it.) Among the list of banned words are: 

1.     Anything "green" - Thank goodness; this is one of the biggest bandwagons in history. I mean, I'm all about "going green" (sorry) but if people spent as much time being green as they do talking about being green, our planet would be in a lot better shape.

2.     "Carbon footprint" - I was actually proud of my carbon footprint (or lack thereof) because I haven't owned a car in ten years. Then someone reminded me how much I fly.

3.     "First dude" - NEXT!

4.     "Bailout" - Unfortunately, I think this one is going to be around for a while regardless of whether or not it's banned.  

-Elizabeth Scarborough

Getting Through This Uncertain Economic Climate

| No Comments | No TrackBacks

I love it when I come across an article that offers encouraging news in this uncertain economic climate. Here's one for you: Drew Neisser, CEO and President of Renegade, an innovative marketing company, reminds us that "with each challenge comes opportunity and opportunities abound even in downturns." In his article, Recession Marketing: Be Brave or Be Gone, he offers several hints to help us get through our current "situation."

 

So, after a bit of tweaking his suggestions so they fit our world of higher education, I thought I'd share just of few of his suggestions with you:

1.     Don't kill your budget (yet). The first thing we marketers must do is save the budget. There's no doubt your CFO is already calling for reductions in head count and spending. Now is the time to be brave.

2.     Cut wisely. Given that the first point is probably a pipedream and that you will no more be able to avoid cuts than a deer can turn away from oncoming headlights, consider where you cut carefully.

3.     Stay focused. Now that you have less money to work with, it is all the more important that you concentrate spending where it can have the greatest impact. This is not the time to consider new targets or markets if that means losing focus on your core constituents.

4.     Keep it light. Just because the economy is sadly waning doesn't mean consumers want to be reminded of their uneasiness in every communication. A little humor will be most appreciated by your otherwise stressed-out target. If there is humor to be found in your DNA, now is the time to unleash the smiles.

5.     Avoid the middle. A waning tide may lower all boats but some will surely ride this out better than others. Strong brands will rise to the top; weaker brands with little student loyalty will find themselves stuck in the middle, neither cheap enough to overcome their shortcomings or expensive enough to attract the ever-spending affluent crowd.

6.     Keep your ear to the ground. You need to be on the internet every day, monitoring the chatter about your institutional brand. Since bad news spreads fast, active blog monitoring is the first line of defense, offering a firewall between your brand and an image-burning disaster.

 

-Jeff Papa

Using the Economy to Your Benefit

| No Comments | No TrackBacks

Jeff Abernathy, Vice President and Dean of Augustana College, was on NPR recently talking about how Augustana is taking advantage of the economy and other institutions' fears to hire amazing faculty.  Their president, board and dean are confident about their current financial successes and are poaching some of the faculty you are most worried about losing. 

Jeff provides food for though in his extended piece that appeared in The Chronicle of Higher Education (kudos to Jeff for proving deans can have an amazing sense of humor!).  You might want to read it to see how your peers are approaching the current economic turbulence.  Of note, see this page, which the college created as a microsite for faculty applicants.  If I've already shared it with you, consider it my further endorsement for a great online resource.

-- Teresa Valerio Parrot

Great Gen Y Advice!

| No Comments | No TrackBacks

The opening speaker for CASE VI was Jason Ryan Dorsey, who at 18 wrote My Reality Check Bounced, and more recently penned 50 Ways to Improve Schools for Under $50.

Jason talked about how to work with and motivate a multigenerational workforce, and provided advice on how to connect with alumni that span the generations.  I blogged in November about Neil Howe's presentation at the AMA Symposium on the millennials.  One major difference between Neil's approach and Jason's is that Jason IS a millennial.  He isn't only talking about research findings and cultural trends, he is speaking from personal experience.

Some of the resonate advice he gave: if you have desired expectations of a Gen Y employee's performance give them specific guidance and provide them with examples.  Don't assume they know what you are talking about, because "Gen Y often lacks real world experience.  Deliver continuous feedback in short bursts."

It was with great delight that I saw the CASE VI committee anticipated his advice that examples are of great importance when requesting specific outcomes from Gen Yers.  Look at the cool "What to Wear" graphic they included in the conference program.  I LOVED IT!  I remember the first CASE conference I attended many moons ago... I felt so much younger than my peers and I seemed to be over-dressed or under-dressed at every turn.  Bravo committee!

-- Teresa Valerio Parrot

Picture 3.png

"Avoid Kneejerk Reactions" When Marketing in a Recession

| No Comments | No TrackBacks

According to Lynn University professor Robert Green, a recession can lead organizations to "take kneejerk reactions in which there are long-term, negative implications." Instead, he says in an article on the University's Website, organizations should consider three key strategies:

1.     Consider reducing the number of employees to create an oppy for greater leadership and collaboration.

2.     Reevaluate your product line (for us that means the academic programs we are offering) and develop a strong, exciting brand message.

3.     Continue with your advertising and marketing research efforts.

These strategies, Green says, are more likely to lead to success in competitive markets in the post-recession era.

-Elizabeth Scarborough

Blogging from CASE VI

| No Comments | No TrackBacks
Hello from Kansas City (which is quite chilly today!).  I have accompanied Tom to CASE VI, where he is speaking on the topic of his most recent CASE book.  

Right now I am sitting a session given by Kevin Boatright from the University of Kansas on "Speechwriting for Advancement."  I loved something he just said... he commented that "nobody is born a speechwriter.  Instead they are learned and unlearned skills that need to be developed."

So true!  I am always surprised when people ask what experience brought me to this field... ummm... a passion for higher education!  Don't be afraid to take a job in speechwriting if you love writing, have low ego and have strong people skills.  Remember that the speech you write won't be attributed to you, but instead is for someone else's glory.  If YOU want the glory, then find a way to climb the ladder to a position where someone writes for you!

Making Sure Your Elevator Speech Takes you to the Top Floor

| 1 Comment | No TrackBacks

Many of us in marketing are asked to craft an elevator speech, a very brief and consistent summary of your institution's most compelling differentiators that members of your internal and external community share when someone asks them--perhaps even in an elevator--that all-important question: "So, tell me about your institution?" Do members of your community have their elevator speech armed and ready to go? Are they conformable with their elevator speech and, perhaps most importantly, do they believe what they are saying when they recite it?  Here are a few questions--based on the article "Perfecting Your Elevator Pitch"--you should be asking to make sure your elevator speech is working for you.

1.     Is it unique? Can anyone else offer what your institution offers?

2.     Is it relevant to your audience? Unique is good, but unique things without relevancy don't stick around too long.

3.     Does it motivate your audience to take action? This is the true test. After hearing your elevator speech, does a person want to continue the conversation?

4.     Do you have the support to back up your elevator speech?

Remember, a sharply crafted, consistently executed elevator speech will help make sure your institution is always going up (pardon the pun).

Jeff Papa

A Blog on HE Rankings

| No Comments | No TrackBacks
My colleague, Deb Gere, knows I love higher ed rankings and IMed me about a blog devoted to rankings.  The site is called University Rankings Watch and describes itself as:

A BLOG DEVOTED TO THE ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF UNIVERSITY RANKINGS AND OTHER TOPICS RELATED TO THE QUALITY OF HIGHER EDUCATION.IT DOES NOT NECESSARILY REFLECT THE VIEWS OR OPINIONS OF ANY UNIVERSITY OR OTHER INSTITUTION OR ORGANIzATION.

Now that's my kind of site!!

Inauguration Day Quote of Note

| No Comments | No TrackBacks
I was thinking of writing a very personal, very sappy entry about today's Presidential inauguration.  Since that is probably what my colleagues are expecting, I'm instead going to leave you with my favorite LOL line of the day...

Brian Williams, announcing the NBC coverage, described the motorcade leading to the White House and commented on President Obama chewing a piece of gum: "I am guessing he was jonesing for a piece of Nicrorette after than [inauguration] luncheon."

I'll bet his is probably correct!

Public Higher Education Funding Crisis

| No Comments | No TrackBacks

I read with great interest the op-ed from John F. Schwaller, president of SUNY Potsdam, in which he describes the negative impact of proposed budget cuts to public higher education in the state of New York. 

I think this is a very interesting piece about the historical basis for public higher education, and it raises a great question about the future of public higher education funding.  As reference, the Chronicle of Higher Education has on its website a map that shows the percentage change in higher education appropriations from 2006-7 to 2007-8.  To put this in context, though, you also need to see state appropriations for higher education in dollars, which appears at the bottom of this Inside Higher Ed story.  This differentiation is important, because a large increase to a small number doesn't mean much, unfortunately.

Below is a sampling of articles written within the last week show the future of public institution enrollment and public funding--

 I'll stop there, because I've shared enough heavy news for one day.

 - Teresa Valerio Parrot

A Great Title at United Airlines

| No Comments | No TrackBacks

I was reading the United Airlines magazine yesterday and noticed that United has an administrator with the title, "Chief Marketing & Customer Officer."  This person's team is responsible for finding "innovative and creative ways to give customers more options." That means they are responsible for developing new products and services that respond to customers needs. This doesn't happen in high-ed; the marketing team would never be invited to make decisions about how we serve our students and what "products" we offer. But, because the marketing department has the best handle on customer needs and wants, this is the way it's done in the commercial world. I have faith.....we'll get there someday.

Elizabeth Scarborough

 

The Nike "Swoosh" of Higher Education

| No Comments | No TrackBacks

If you live anywhere near Phili, you have probably noticed that Temple is celebrating its 125th anniversary. I was in 30th St. Station the other day and was completely blown away by the University's ad campaign. On both sides of the station hung ENORMOUS banners. Simply and elegantly done, one said, "Celebrate" and the other just contained Temple's signature "T." I made my business partner, Tom Hayes, take a picture of one (below) on his cell phone.

Temple Celebrate.jpg 

Temple's creative strategy is just brilliant. The "T" is getting close to being the high-ed equivalent of the Nike Swoosh or the Target bullseye. They are already at the point where they don't even need to include the name of the institution on these banners. A great example of at least the creative aspect of branding well-done in higher ed.

 

Elizabeth Scarborough

 

Now is not the time to cut back on your marketing efforts

| No Comments | No TrackBacks

When the economy gets tough, the tough start investing in their marketing initiatives.  Ok, I know what you're thinking....and yes, this may seem a bit counterintuitive from a budgeting perspective, but according to an article I just read called "Recession Marketing" now is NOT the time to cut back on your marketing efforts.  In fact, according to the article, you need to find out where your brand currently resides in the minds of your target audience and then take the information gained from market research and start promoting your institution.  The more frequently you market your brand, the more likely you will be included in your target audiences' "evoked set"--a subset of colleges and universities that students are seeking because they believe those institutions (and ONLY those institutions) will meet their needs.  Marketing is muscle, not fat - so be careful about cutting it! When possible, in these tough times, "try to maintain, or if possible, increase your marketing." I hope this mantra helps you the next time you are sitting through another less-than-fun budget meeting.

Jeff Papa

President and Partner

SimpsonScarborough

Another Article on Marketing in a Recession

| No Comments | No TrackBacks

 

If you are like me, you can't read enough about how to make good decisions in this economy. I'm devouring articles on it pretty much every day now. This article on BrandChannel.com makes an interesting point; "well-established brands that represent both quality and value...can actually benefit from a recessionary economy." Why? Because weaker brands are weeded out.

Additional points of note:

* "A recession will force many companies to communicate about (or to find) their brand soul"

* "A brand paradox is that marketing expenditures are often slashed in recessionary times, so brands risk becoming less visible."

* "A company's management must have strong enough stomach to follow a contrarian's strategy and invest funds in brand marketing when other expenses must be controlled."

* "The bottom line for a brand facing a recession is that it...must aggressively and tirelessly buils a compelling case for the brand's singularity."

The article veers way off course when it starts describing the problem with "fake" brands; you know like those fake Fendi purses they sell on Broadway downtown. As a consumer of said products, the author lost me on that part.

If you want more on marketing in a down economy, sign up for my colleague, Teresa's, CASE Webinar, Communicating with Your Audiences: Making Your Case in a Down Economy, on Tuesday, February 24th.

 

Elizabeth Scarborough 

Brilliance on How to Blog your Successes

| No Comments | No TrackBacks
I was doing some reading on the NCAA website (seriously, this is my kind of pleasure reading on a Saturday... I love my job and this kind of stuff!!) and came across a success story on a Missouri S&T alumna, Sandra Magnus.    

Wanting to send a congratulatory note to Andy Careaga and Connie Eggert and needing their email addresses, I visited the university's website and saw some brilliance... Astronaut Magnus blogged from space for the Missouri S&T website.

Andy wrote back to my congratulatory note by giving recognition to his co-workers and also saying: 

[T]he "spacebook" blog has been pretty successful in terms of reaching middle-school and elementary-school kids. Back in November, I posted a little on-the-fly analysis, based on Google Analytics, of how our well our mix of traditional and non-traditional (read: social media) PR campaign worked for this site in its early days. You can see the analysis, complete with charts and graphs, at http://highered.prblogs.org/2008/11/21/traffic-from-a-pr-campaign/ . So if you're interested in reading about that kind of measurement stuff, take a peek at that post (and the comments, of course).

Wonderful insight, and another blog for everyone to monitor!

A Nutty Outbreak

| No Comments | No TrackBacks
Just making sure everyone saw that the recall of peanut butter that may be contaminated with salmonella could impact our world.  Per the Associated Press: 
The health officials had recommended nursing homes, hospitals, schools, universities and restaurants discard specific containers of peanut butter linked to the outbreak.

Just a heads-up that you might want to coordinate with your director of food services to ready a statement should you need to reassure students and parents that you are aware of the recall :).

XOXO,



I apologize for the number of University of Colorado articles I provide to you, but since that is in my backyard I can't help but read news that makes me laugh and makes me think... today I have one that fits both categories.  The Boulder Daily Camera is reporting that: 
CU leaders last year announced plans to create a $9 million endowment to fund the Visiting Chair in Conservative Thought and Policy on the Boulder campus, which long has been derided as a liberal bastion.

(Editorial note-- I love the inclusion of the word "bastion" in this article.  LOL!).

Well, the student College Democrats are not waiting for the $9 million before launching a campaign to oppose the hiring.  
"The entire concept of a Visiting Chair in Conservative Thought and Policy politicizes academics in a way that is contrary to the university's mission," senior Jesse Jensen, president of the College Democrats, said Monday. "By endowing a chair in one specific political ideology, we are not promoting intellectual diversity -- we are tokenizing a point of view that should be presented in all classes on political thought."

Although it presents a headache for the administration, what a great opportunity for students to fight for their beliefs (both in favor and against this endowed chair).  After all, we are in the business of educating and providing real-world experiences, right?

But this also is a great time to remind everyone that students can and will oppose your fundraising initiatives.  Potentially polarizing topics like this endowed chair HAD to have included a plan for the roll-out, but I've also worked with a college that had students oppose a new student center because it reduced green space on campus, and another institution that had alumni vocally ask for accountability with annual fund donations.  Think through how you are going to talk to internal and external audiences before, during and after fundraising.  After all, today's students are tomorrow's alumni (and hopefully donors).

To end on a LOL note, read the comments at the end of the Camera's article.  I love Boulder!

Putting Ingenuity to Work

| No Comments | No TrackBacks

Putting Ingenuity to Work

As the economy continues to show signs of distress--we lost over 500,000 jobs last December alone and unemployment exceeds 7% --those of us in higher education are looking for ways to stay strong in these thorny times.  Here are just a few ways institutions have put their ingenuity to work:

1.      Kent State University (my alma mater) is offering free tuition to laid-off workers.

2.      Merrimack College recently mailed 15,000 postcards announcing what the school deemed some "economic good news" -they would not raise tuition or room and board charges next school year.

And colleges and universities are not alone; students are also thinking "way outside the box." Check these out:

1.      After receiving an acceptance to NYU, one student invited virtual strangers to subsidize part of his education. Here's his plan: "He'd get 10,000 strangers to donate $2.50, $3.50, or whatever they could afford. To thank them, he'd send a piece of his graduation cap or gown. Within weeks donations poured in from the U.S, Nigeria, Spain, and many other countries. As of earlier this month, he has raised $11,000, more than enough to finance his first semester."

2.      Other students have created peer-to peer lending sites where "needy students can solicit anyone--friends, relatives, coaches, strangers--to 'sponsor' their grades. The better students score, the more tuition money they'll receive."

These are just a few examples of what schools and students are doing in these challenging times.  We need to ask ourselves the all-important question: what are we doing, at our own institutions, to navigate through the economic downturn?

 

Jeff Papa

President and Partner

SimpsonScarborough

 

MUST SEE Article on Marketing in a Recession

| No Comments | No TrackBacks

There was an article titled, How to Market During a Recession, in The Financial Times of London, back in Feb of 2008. You really should go read it right away. The author describes 8 factors you should consider when developing your marketing plans for 2009. They are:

1. Research the customer -"You need to know more than ever how consumers are redefining value."

2. Focus on family values - "When economic hard times loom, we tend to retreat to our village. Look for cosy hearth-and-home family scenes in advertising to replace images of extreme sports, adventure, and rugged individualism"

3. Maintain marketing spending - "This is not the time to cut advertising. It's well documented that brands that increase advertising during a recession, when competitors are cutting back, can improve market share and return on investment at lower cost than during good economic times."

4. Adust product portfolios - "Marketers must reforecast demand for each item in their product lines." (In higher education, that means we have to reconsider what programs we are offering and how we are delivering them.)

5. Support distributors - (not very relevant in high-ed)

6. Adjust pricing tactics - "Customers will be shopping around for the best deals."

7. Stress market share - Translation for high-ed is that you want to relax your goals with regard to certain co-horts. Focus more on making you class than on attracting a certain profile.

8. Emphasize core values - "...maintain quality rather than cutting corners...service existing customers rather than trying to be all things to all people. Chief executives must spend more time with customers and employees." 

Elizabeth Scarborough

One More Tough Question...

| No Comments | No TrackBacks
I'm going to piggyback on Jeff's entry from yesterday-- he posed tough questions that we all must ask ourselves as we market in a tough economy.  I'm going to change the scope of the questions by referencing a question we need to focus on answering together.  Today's Washington Post includes an article by Annys Shin talking about how this economic downturn is different those of the past.  Specifically:
In ordinary times, a college degree goes a long way toward securing employment, even during a recession. It also offers some measure of job security: Workers with at least a college diploma are less likely to lose their jobs in down times. But college grads such as Razmara are now finding that a postsecondary education isn't necessarily enough.
In fact, labor economists say the unemployment rate for workers with a bachelor's degree or higher is poised to hit a record high.
This recession is so far-reaching, they contend, few are immune from the consequences.

One way in which higher education as a whole has been marketed, much less a specific college or university, is to say that those with degrees earn higher salaries and have an educational edge over their peers.  We, as an industry, need to reconsider how we frame the value of a degree.  And we ALL need to be on the same page about this.

Asking the Tough Questions

| No Comments | No TrackBacks

At the close of 2008, more than a few private colleges and universities began to ask themselves the tough, yet all-important question: will the current economic downturn negatively impact our enrollments? Although this is not the most pleasant issue to deal with at the beginning of a new year, I strongly encourage my colleagues at private colleges to ask this very question of their own institutions. And if you are concerned about your enrollment situation, you are not alone: a recent survey conducted by the National Association of Independent Colleges and Universities (NICU) revealed that 65% of the 371 participating institutions are greatly concerned about preventing a decline in their student enrollments. And the recent New York Times article entitled Private Colleges Worry About a Dip in Enrollment indicates that "getting exactly the right enrollment -- always a tricky proposition -- is especially crucial for small colleges with tuition-driven budgets."  Now for the tough questions: What are you doing to communicate and illustrate to families of both current and prospective students that your institution is, in fact, worth the cost of attendance--even in these challenging economic times? What specific steps are you taking to discourage current students from leaving your institution for a lower-priced alternative? I am generally an optimist, but in our current economic climate we have to ask ourselves the tough questions or we may find ourselves out in the cold.

Jeff Papa

 

Marketing Lessons From Kiehl's and United

| No Comments | No TrackBacks
I was just in the shower, which is where I have my best thoughts, and I had such an enlightened moment.

As I used my sample of Kiehl's body scrub, I started to think about the lesson Kiehl's is offering to us.  For those of you who don't know (I'm assuming your gender is male...), when you ask for a sample of a Kiehl's product they give you two samples-- one for you and one to share with a friend.  What a great philosophy, huh?  They use YOUR political capital and relationships to market their products-- genius!

Let's apply this to higher education.  This fall I completed a couple of research projects in which the influence of counselors, teachers and peers was on the rise when high school seniors wanted information on colleges and universities.  Have you thought about using the political capital of your alumni (especially those who are teachers and counselors), those students who have already applied, and those on campus to market your institution?  People are often flattered to speak to others on behalf of their alma mater, and it provides an opportunity for you to update those key audiences with the latest and greatest news on campus. Or, do you offer students who apply the opportunity to forward a link to your application page to their friends?

How about lessons from United Airlines?  This past month I hit their 1K frequent flyer status. That means I flew over 100,000 airline miles last year (sigh).  When I hit this "honor" I was all but given a ticker tape parade-- and I have to assume they didn't throw one because they knew I would object to the environmental impact.  Since hitting that status I have not had a moment in which United hasn't professed its love for me.  

You might be thinking they need my business to survive this economy... but don't you need your students' tuition to survive the economy, too?  How many of you acknowledge your frequent fliers-- those students who have stayed true to your brand for their undergraduate, graduate, continuing education and certificate needs?  

In other research we conducted, a group of alumni were unaware of their alma mater's offerings for continuing their education, but they were well aware of the credentials they needed to advance their careers.  Make sure your alumni know exactly what you have to offer and ensure they know you appreciate their repeat business.

My alma mater doesn't seem to care that I am thinking about considering the possibility of starting a Ph.D. program.  Interestingly, their in-state rival is ready to poach my business and my alumni dollars.  Don't let this happen to you...  do you share graduate opportunities with your alumni, not just tell them about outcomes for current students?  Further, consider sending a letter to all graduate and continuing students who earned their undergraduate degree from your institution thanking them for their repeat business.  After all, as stated by United on each of my flights, "we know you have a choice in airlines and we appreciate your business."


"Free us or fund us"

| No Comments | No TrackBacks
The Denver Post posted an article today in which "several prominent college leaders" asked for the authority to set their own tuition rates, rather than participating in the legislative process for determining percentage increases.

I'm not bringing this article to your attention because of the article itself (although that is a sad reminder of the low levels of state funding for public institutions in Colorado).  Instead, read the comments left at the end of the article by online readers.

If you want to know what a random sample of the general public thinks... here are your testimonies.  Colorado institutions need to better educate the public on their funding sources, where budget dollars go, the tenure process, financial aide, etc. An I know this because these are the hot topics that have been posted in the first ten hours the article has been live.

What would YOUR constituents say about you and your fellow institutions?

Sen. Pell Dies, Leaves a Legacy

| No Comments | No TrackBacks
Today, New Year's Day, former Senator Claiborne Pell died.  As reported by CNN: "Pell's great passion lay in education and the arts and humanities, believing that the country's people were its greatest asset. Largely through his efforts, Congress created Pell grants, which are need-based awards to low-income undergraduate and certain other students, in 1973."

On behalf of many Americans, I send my deepest condolences to the Pell family and thank them for Sen. Pell's legacy.

Sincerely,

Discover Your Strengths

| No Comments | No TrackBacks

 

About a year ago, I overheard my friends, Bruce Ryan and Blixy Taetzsch, from Tompkins Cortland Community College talking with eachother about how one of them had "woo" and the other was an "organizer." They acted like these labels were clues to why one or the other behaved in certain ways. As in, "Oh Bruce, the only reason you are saying that is because you are such an organizer." 

I had no idea what they were talking about until they gave me a book called Now, Discover Your Strengths. The book is linked to an online assessment tool, called StrengthsFinder. You can use the tool to find out which of the 34 themes represent your greatest strengths. Mine are:

1. Achiever - the power supply that drives me to work long hours

2. Includer - which explains why I am so afriad to hurt anyone's feelings

3. Self-assurance - means I am not easily swayed by others' arguments

4. Learner - the steady and deliberate journey from ignorance to competence is energizing to me

5. Responsibility - a near obsession for doing things right

We are having a staff retreat next week at SimpsonScarborough and everyone on our team has "discovered their strengths." We have a consultant, Rob Fletcher, coming in from Quixote Consulting to help us understand what this all means and how our strengths complement or conflict with each other. Maybe this will help me understand why EL is so good at meeting deadlines, why DE is so adept at remaining calm in the midst of a crisis, and why TH is so good at customer service.

Elizabeth Scarborough